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Brainstem glioma (BSG) is an entity which commonly occurs in pediatric patientsand carries a dismal prognosis. However, the category of adult BSG has displayedconsiderably benign biological behavior, thus providing a unique perspective tocomparatively understand the malignant features of pediatric BSG. microRNAs (miRNAs)have been associated with cancer development and progression. To identify miRNAsspecifically involved in the acquisition of malignant progression of pediatricBSG, we analyzed the miRNA expression profiles in orthotopic models which couldsimulate the BSG heterogeneity by microarrays. Our research revealed that miR-20aand miR-106b (known to be closely related) were the two most robust upregulatedmiRNAs in pediatric BSG compared to adult subtype. Furthermore, the two typesof human BSG tissue were utilized to verify the microarray data by qRT-PCR andin situ hybridization. The results indicated good consistency with that of themicroarray method. In conclusion, our studies provide evidence that miR-20a andmiR-106b may serve as putative causative involvement of malignant progressionof pediatric BSG, thereby serving as likely novel targets for constraining therapid fatal course of pediatric BSG.

Upregulation of miR-20a and miR-106b is involved in the acquisition of malignancy of pediatric brainstem gliomas