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Selenium, an essential trace element possessing anti-carcinogenic properties,can induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Our goal was to investigate the enhancedantitumor effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) plus selenium in TC-1 tumor cellsand implanted mice. Cell viability was evaluated at various time intervals afterPDT treatment and/or selenium by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Whenonly PDT treatment was administered to TC-1 tumor cells, TC-1 cell growth recoveredover time. On the other hand, co-treatment of PDT and selenium extended the inhibitiontime of tumor cell growth. Co-treatment of PDT and selenium showed serious morphologicalchanges in TC-1 cells and induced a more apoptotic population by FACS analysis.By signal transduction pathway SuperArray analysis, genes closely involved inthe NFκB, p53 and phopholipase C pathways, such as VCAM1, MDM2 and FOS, were significantlydownregulated at least 10-fold in TC-1 cells following PDT and selenium cotreatment.In an in vivo study, tumor-bearing mice were intravenously injected with Radachlorin3 h before irradiation with 300 J/cm2 of light. Selenium was administered dailyfor 20 days. Combination therapy against the mouse tumors generated by TC-1 cellswas more effective than PDT or selenium alone. These data suggest that seleniumplus PDT can induce a significant tumor suppression response compared with PDTalone. Additionally, it can be an effective anticancer therapy strategy.

Selenium enhances the efficacy of Radachlorin mediated-photodynamic therapy in TC-1 tumor development