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Peritoneal dissemination is one of the main causes of death in gastric cancerpatients. We have previously reported that gastric cancer cells can induce peritonealapoptosis, lead to damage of peritoneum integrity, and therefore promote peritonealmetastasis. However, the soluble factors secreted by cancer cells to trigger thedamaging cascade remain unclear. TGF-β1, a cytokine known for its capacity toinduce proliferative and transformative changes of cells is found in significantlyhigher quantities correlated with peritoneal metastasis and TNM stages of gastriccancer. High levels of TGF-β1 in the subperitoneal milieu may affect the morphologyand function of mesothelial cells, so that the resulting environment becomes favorablefor peritoneal metastases. We observed apoptosis induced by TGF-β1 in mesothelialcells in peritoneal carcinomatosis. Knockdown of the smad2 gene by siRNA silencingcan partially inhibit these effects. TGF-β1 could upregulate the expressions ofBax and suppress Bcl-2 in mesothelial cells. We conclude that TGF-β1 could induceapoptosis of mesothelial cells, which involves the smad2 signaling pathway inperitoneal carcinomatosis. Bcl-2 and Bax may contribute to this phenomenon.

The cytotoxic effect of TGF-β1 on mesothelial cells via apoptosis in early peritoneal carcinomatosis