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The aim of the study was to investigate the photodynamic effect of the novelphotosensitizer chlorophyllin e4 against human bladder cancer cells. T24 and 5637bladder cancer cell lines were incubated with chlorophyllin e4 and irradiatedwith a 650-nm laser light. The controls included cells treated with chlorophylline4 but without light as well as cells exposed to laser light without chlorophylline4. Photocytotoxicity was monitored with MTT assay and apoptosis was measuredby flow cytometry. In addition, confocal laser scanning microscopy was used toassess the subcellular localization of chlorophyllin e4. Chlorophyllin e4 exhibitedsignicant photocytotoxicity in both T24 and 5637 cells, which resulted in a maximumof 82.43 and 85.06% cell death, respectively. Treatment with chlorophyllin e4or laser light alone did not induce cytotoxicity. In addition, chlorophyllin e4-mediatedPDT induced a significantly higher percentage of apoptosis in T24 and 5637 cellscompared to the control groups (p&lt;0.01). Moreover, confocal laser scanningmicroscopy revealed that chlorophyllin e4 co-localized with mitochondria in bothcell lines. In conclusion, the remarkable photocytotoxicity, natural abundanceand inexpensive composition of chlorophyllin e4 suggest that this compound maybe a novel, effective photosensitizer for the treatment of human supercial bladdercancer.

Chlorophyllin e4 is a novel photosensitizer against human bladder cancer cells