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Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) isa member of the TNF family of cytokines, which can induce apoptotic cell deathin a variety of tumor cells or transformed cells, yet, it is relatively non-toxicto most normal cells. Consequently, TRAIL was thought to be a promising agentfor cancer therapy. However, recent research reports revealed that many tumorsare unresponsive to TRAIL treatment. Apoptotic agents were identified that whenused in combination with TRAIL can sensitize tumor cells to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.It was demonstrated that MEKK3-siRNA sensitized MCF-7 cells to TRAIL cytoxicity.In addition, we investigated the discrepancy of the expression of MEKK3 in breastcancers. It was concluded that elevated MEKK3 expression is found at high frequenciesin breast cancer compared to normal breast tissue. Further experiments on thesignal machinery showed that MEKK3-siRNA increased the sensitivity of MCF-7 cellsto TRAIL by suppressing the transcription activity of NF-κB, and enhancing thecaspase-processing to generate executive apoptotic signals. These findings indicatethat down-regulation of MEKK3 by siRNA approaches will lead to successful treatmentof human breast cancer with TRAIL.

RNAi silencing of the MEKK3 gene promotes TRAIL-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells and suppresses the transcriptional activity of NF-κB