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Interleukin (IL)-8 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 2 play key roles in tumor progression, but the relationship between IL-8 and/or ERK2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and postoperative recurrence or survival is unclear. The expression levels of IL-8 and ERK2 in both HCC tissues and non-tumor liver tissues were analyzed using the Oncomine™ database and immunohistochemistry assay. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was then used to evaluate the expression levels of IL-8 and ERK2 in the tumor tissues of 67 patients with HCC undergoing radical hepatectomy. Pearson's correlation, Kaplan-Meier, Cox univariate and multivariate survival analyses were utilized to determine the correlation between IL-8 and ERK2 expression in HCC tissues, and their potential prognostic significance. As indicated by the data from the Oncomine™ database, and the patient samples, IL-8 and ERK2 were expressed at significantly higher levels in HCC tissues than in non-tumor liver tissues (P&lt;0.05). The rates of high IL-8 and ERK2 expression in HCC tissues were 43.28 (29/67) and 34.33% (23/67), respectively, and the IL-8 and ERK2 expression levels were positively correlated (r=0.764; P&lt;0.001). Both ERK2 expression and IL-8/ERK2 co-expression were significantly associated with tumor size and differentiation (P&lt;0.05). Additionally, high expression levels of IL-8, ERK2 and IL-8/ERK2 co-expression were all significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS; P&lt;0.05) and disease-free survival (DFS; P&lt;0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis also showed that high expression levels of IL-8, ERK2, and IL-8 and ERK2 were independent prognostic factors for OS and DFS (P&lt;0.05). The results of the present study indicate a significant increase in the risk of recurrence and mortality in HCC patients with high expression levels of IL-8 and/or ERK2, compared with patients with low expression. Therefore, IL-8 and ERK2 may be predictors of postoperative prognosis in patients with HCC.

High interleukin‑8 and/or extracellular signal‑regulated kinase 2 expression predicts poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma