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The clinical efficacy and mechanism of Pralatrexate (PTX) combined with Palbociclib Isethionate (PAL) in the treatment of bladder cancer patients was investigated. A retrospective analysis of medical records of 82 bladder cancer patients admitted to Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from February 2015 to February 2018 was performed. Patients treated with PTX combined with PAL served as study group (42 cases) and patients with conventional GC (gemcitabine plus cisplatin) chemotherapy regimen were the control group (40 cases). Changes in liver function indexes before and after treatment were observed, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TBil). RT-qPCR was used for detection of relative expression levels of serum dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) before and after treatment in the two groups. The clinical efficacy after treatment and adverse reactions during treatment were observed in the two groups. There was no significant difference in the clinical remission rate (RR) nor in the serum ALT, AST, ALP and TBil levels between the study and the control groups (P&gt;0.05). Concentrations of serum ALT, AST, ALP and TBil were significantly higher than those before treatment in both groups (P&lt;0.05). Serum ALT, AST, ALP and TBil concentrations in study group were significantly lower than those in control group (P&lt;0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of thrombocytopenia and leukopenia between the two groups (P&gt;0.05). There was no significant difference in relative expression levels of serum DHFR mRNA and VEGF mRNA before treatment between the study and control groups (P&gt;0.05). Those after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment in both groups (P&lt;0.05), and those after treatment in study group were significantly lower than those in control group (P&lt;0.05). PTX combined with PAL can reduce adverse reactions of nausea and vomiting and liver function impairment during treatment and suppress tumor neovascularization. This is achieved possibly by inhibiting expression levels of DHFR and VEGF, thereby killing cancer cells. PTX combined with PAL may become a new method for the treatment of bladder cancer patients. DHFR and VEGF are expected to become novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of bladder cancer.

Clinical efficacy and mechanism of Pralatrexate combined with Palbociclib Isethionate in treatment of bladder cancer patients