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In a mouse model of human lung cancer, intratumoral distribution between 3'-deoxy-3'-[ 18 F] fluorothymidine ( 18 F-FLT) and [ 18 F] fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) was mutually exclusive. 18 F-FLT primarily accumulated in proliferating cancer cells, whereas 18 F-FDG accumulated in hypoxic cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to evaluate these preclinical findings in patients with lung cancer. A total of 55 patients with solitary pulmonary lesion were included in the present study. Patients underwent 18 F-FLT positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) and 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan with a 3-day interval. The final diagnosis was based on histological examination. Among the 55 cases, a total of 24 cases were confirmed as malignant lesions. Mismatched 18 F-FLT- and 18 F-FDG-accumulated regions were observed in 19 cases (79%) and matched in 5 (21%). Among the 31 benign lesions, 18 F-FLT and 18 F-FDG were mismatched in 12 cases (39%) and matched in 19 (61%). The difference in intratumoral distribution of 18 F-FLT and 18 F-FDG between malignant and benign lesions was statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). The results of the present study indicate that a mismatch in intratumoral distribution of 18 F-FLT and 18 F-FDG may be a feature of patients with lung cancer. Increased 18 F-FDG accumulation may serve as an indicator of tumor hypoxia, whereas regions with increased 18 F-FLT uptake may be associated with an increased rate of cancer cell proliferation in patients with lung cancer.

Mismatched intratumoral distribution of [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose and 3'‑deoxy‑3'‑[18F] fluorothymidine in patients with lung cancer