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Primary kidney parenchyma squamous cell carcinoma is extremely rare, and this is the forth case to be reported. In the present study, a case of a 61-year old man is discussed. The man presented with recurrent lumbago, gross hematuria for nearly 2 months, and suspicious inflammatory kidney diseases on contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and fludeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)/CT, but a tumor can not be excluded completely prior to surgery. Finally, radical nephrectomy was performed, and histological analysis determined that the diagnosis was kidney parenchyma squamous cell carcinoma with inflammation invasion. The present case highlights the potential confusion of preoperative diagnosis of renal tumor with inflammation, and introduces the potential role of FDG-PET in its diagnosis and survival evaluation in renal malignancies.

Primary kidney parenchyma squamous cell carcinoma mimicking xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: A case report