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Hypermethylation of the promoter region of the MLH1 gene leads to loss of Mlh1 protein expression and plays a key role in the development of gastric cancer. Little is known about the association between Mlh1 expression and the clinicopathological and patient characteristics in early gastric neoplasia, particularly in endoscopically resected tumors. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine Mlh1 expression in 140 early gastric neoplasias obtained by endoscopic resection and comprising 31 gastric adenomas (GAs) and 109 early gastric cancers (EGCs), and compared them to corresponding clinicopathological and patient data. P53 expression and phenotypic profiles were also analyzed. The rate of reduced Mlh1 expression and P53 overexpression was 9.6 and 6.5% in GAs, and 27.5 and 27.5% in EGCs, respectively. In elderly patients (≥65 years of age), the aberrant expression of Mlh1 in EGCs was more significant in female than in male patients (59.9 vs. 29.8%; P=0.016). In addition, the frequency of aberrant Mlh1 expression in EGCs increased significantly in patients with oncological family histories and elevated gross type (P=0.033 and P=0.04, respectively). Moreover, a significant correlation was observed among aberrant Mlh1, P53-negative and HGM expression. The present findings suggest that loss of Mlh1 expression is associated with age, gender, oncological family history and tumor growth pattern in EGC. Patient and tumor characteristics are key factors in the screening, surveillance and diagnosis of early gastric neoplasia, particularly in elderly individuals.

Clinicopathological and patient characteristics of early gastric neoplasia endoscopically resected with loss of Mlh1 expression