English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The endogenous neurotransmitter, noradrenaline, exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in vivo and in vitro. Reduced noradrenaline levels results in increased inflammation and neuronal damage. The primary source of noradrenaline in the central nervous system is tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‑positive neurons, located in the locus coeruleus (LC). TH is the rate‑limiting enzyme for noradrenaline synthesis; therefore, regulation of TH protein expression and intrinsic enzyme activity represents the central means for controlling the synthesis of noradrenaline. Catalpol is an iridoid glycoside purified from Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, which exerts a neuroprotective effect in multiple sclerosis (MS). The present study used an experimental mouse model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis to verify the neuroprotective effects of catalpol. Significant improvements in the clinical scores were observed in catalpol‑treated mice. Furthermore, catalpol increased TH expression and increased noradrenaline levels in the spinal cord. In primary cultures, catalpol exerted a neuroprotective effect in rat LC neurons by increasing the noradrenaline output. These results suggested that drugs targeting LC survival and function, including catalpol, may be able to benefit patients with MS.

molecular medicine reports

Role of catalpol in ameliorating the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by increasing the level of noradrenaline in the locus coeruleus