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Phosphocreatine (PCr) mobilizes high-energy phosphates in cardiac muscles, which is potentially useful as a cardioprotective agent in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). The cardioprotective effects of PCr on myocardial cell ultrastructure and calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) expression following high-level spinal cord injury (SCI) were investigated. Healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n=54) weighing 250-300 g were subjected to C7 SCI injury by Allen's method with or without treatment by abdominal injection of PCr (200 mg/kg) at 6, 12, 24 or 48 h (SCI + treatment and SCI-only groups, respectively; 6 rats/group/time point). Right apical tissues were sampled 2 h following each time interval. Surgeries without SCI were performed in 6 control rats (sham operation group). Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), serum creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase (CK-MB) levels were assessed automatically. Myocardial morphology was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Quantitative real‑time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot analysis were used to determine myocardial tissue calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Normal myocardial ultrastructure was observed in the sham operation group, while SCI-only groups exhibited progressive and extensive damage to myofibrils, sarcomere structure, mitochondrial membranes and vacuole structures, occasionally accompanied by punctured cell membranes, nuclear chromatin condensation and cavitation. SCI + treatment groups, however, exhibited significantly relieved ultrastructural abnormalities and reduced the levels of CaSR, cTnI, CK and CK-MB mRNA and protein expression at all time intervals (P&lt;0.05). In the SCI rat model, PCr exhibited cardioprotection by relieving myocardial ultrastructural abnormalities and preserving the normal metabolic energy balance, including calcium regulation.

molecular medicine reports

Cardioprotective effects of phosphocreatine on myocardial cell ultrastructure and calcium-sensing receptor expression in the acute period following high level spinal cord injury