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Seaweeds are increasingly being used as foodstuffs and therapeutics. Capsosiphon fulvescens (C. fulvescens) is a green sea alga which has demonstrated anti‑tumor activity in various cancer cell lines. In cancer cells, homeostasis is not maintained, enabling mutations to develop and growth to continue unchecked. Overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and tight junction (TJ) proteins is important for cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. In addition, these proteins are closely associated with cell membrane permeability. In the current study, C. fulvescens glycoprotein (Cf‑GP) was found to inhibit TJ proteins and invasion of AGS human gastric cancer cells. Cf‑GP‑mediated inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion was confirmed, as well as changes in TJ protein levels. In addition, MMP‑2 and ‑9 activities were inhibited, as indicated by increased transepithelial electrical resistance. Inhibition of MMP protein expression was also found to correlate with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 and Cf‑GP treatment, as revealed by western blot analysis and RT‑PCR. In conclusion, these results indicate that Cf‑GP inhibits cancer cell invasion and therefore demonstrates a potential therapeutic strategy to decrease cancer metastasis.

Inhibition of AGS human gastric cancer cell invasion and proliferation by Capsosiphon fulvescens glycoprotein