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This study investigated the distribution of neutrophil gelatinase-associatedlipocalin (NGAL) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin receptor (NGALR)in human embryonic, fetal and normal adult tissues. Tissue microarray technologywas used to perform immunohistochemical examination on human embryos, fetusesat 4-22 weeks of gestation and adult tissue specimens. Results demonstrated thatduring the development of the nervous system, NGALR was prevalent in the neuraltube and cerebrum, and NGAL was only detected in the stellate cells of the cerebrumand the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. NGAL and NGALR were expressed in thelung alveolar epithelium and in the gastrointestinal tract in embryos, but werealmost undetectable in later developmental stages. In the embryonic adrenal glands,the two proteins demonstrated moderate positivity in the cortex and the medulla.In adults, NGAL was particularly present in the cells of the inner and outer layersof the cortex and was absent in the medulla, while NGALR exhibited strong positivityin the cortex and the medulla. Evident expression of NGAL and NGALR was observedthroughout development in the neutrophil-rich sites, the renal tubule epitheliumand certain gland epithelia of the gastrointestinal tract, but was undetectablein the heart, liver and thyroid gland. Taken together, these results demonstratedthat the expression of NGAL and NGALR was time-specific and highly tissue‑specific.Correlations between their expression in embryogenesis and carcinogenesis shouldbe examined.

Expression of NGAL and NGALR in human embryonic, fetal and normal adult tissues