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Cerebrovascular injury is one of the three major causes of death and isthe leading cause of adult disability. Despite the increasing progress in emergencytreatment and early rehabilitation in patients with cerebrovascular injury, treatmentoptions for neurological dysfunction that presents at a later stage are lacking.This study examined the potential of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell (hAMSC)transplantation in the repair of neurological deficits in an experimental focalcerebral ischemia model. Following the isolation of hAMSCs, growth characteristicsand surface antigen expression were observed. Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) wasused to induce the cultured cells into neuron-like cells, which were identifiedby immunocytochemistry. The suture model was used to induce focal cerebral ischemiain rats, which were subsequently randomly divided into experimental and controlgroups for treatment with BrdU-labeled hAMSCs or PBS, respectively. Neurologicaldeficits were assessed following transplantation using the neurological severityscore, beam balance test and elevated body swing test. Eight weeks later, ratbrain tissue was analyzed with H&amp;E staining and BrdU immunohistochemistry,and the survival and spatial distribution of the transplanted hAMSCs were determined.The hAMSCs proliferated in vitro, and it was found that neuron-specific enolase(NSE) was expressed in neurons, whereas glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)was expressed in astrocytes. The focal ischemia model caused varying degrees ofleft limb hemiplegia accompanied by right sided Horner's Syndrome. When examined1, 3, 6 and 8 weeks later, significant recovery in neurological behavior was detectedin the rats treated with hAMSC transplantation compared with the control (P&lt;0.01).BrdU-labeled hAMSCs were concentrated near the graft site and surrounding areas,in certain cases migrating towards the ischemic lesion. Local gliosis and lymphocyticinfiltration were not detected. hAMSCs exhibit great potential for proliferationand are induced to differentiate into NSE-expressing neuron-like cells followingtreatment with BHA. Moreover, hAMSC transplantation may improve neurological symptomsfollowing focal cerebral ischemia.

Transplantation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of focal cerebral ischemia