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The female reproductive system is highly sensitive to physiological stress.However, the mechanism(s) involved in dysfunction of the ovaries induced by highintensity exercise training remain unknown. In the present study, we establisheda rat model of high intensity exercise training, and investigated the morphologicaland functional changes in ovaries. Furthermore, we profiled the differential geneexpression in the ovaries between high intensity exercise training rats and controlrats by restriction fragment differential display PCR. Differentially expressedgenes were validated by real-time PCR. The results showed that the weight andmicrostructure of the ovaries were significantly altered in the exercise traininggroup rats. In addition, the levels of estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormoneand follicle-stimulating hormone were significantly decreased in the exercisetraining group rats compared with the control group rats. Immunohistochemistryrevealed weak expression of estradiol, estrogen receptor and progesterone receptorin ovarian tissues from the high intensity exercise training group compared withthe control group. Furthermore, the gene expression profiles of the exercise trainingand control group rats were analyzed, and differentially expressed genes, suchas those involved in the ubiquitin-proteasome system, were identified. Our resultsindicate that high intensity exercise training can suppress the cellular functionof the ovary glands. The mechanism may involve a series of alterations in theexpression of genes particularly associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system.

High intensity training induces alteration of the ubiquitin-proteasome system gene expression profile and structural changes in the ovaries