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Islet cell transplantation is a promising treatment strategy for type-1diabetes. However, functional islet cells are hard to obtain for transplantationand are in short supply. Directing the differentiation of stem cells into insulin‑producingcells, which serve as islet cells, would overcome this shortage. Bone marrow containshematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells. The present study used bonemarrow cells isolated from rats and neural stem cells (NSCs) that were derivedfrom bone marrow cells in culture. Strong nestin staining was detected in NSCs,but not in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). In vitro transfection of the pancreaticduodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1) gene into NSCs generated insulin‑producing cells.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay (ELISA) analysis confirmed that PDX-1-transfected NSCs expressed insulinmRNA and released insulin protein. However, insulin release from PDX-1-transfectedNSCs did not respond to the challenge of glucose and glucagon-like peptide-1.These results support the use of bone marrow-derived NSCs as a renewable sourceof insulin-producing cells for autologous transplantation to treat type-1 diabetes.

Characterization of insulin-producing cells derived from PDX-1-transfected neural stem cells