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The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of propofol, a intravenoussedative-hypnotic agent used widely in inducing and maintaining anesthesia, onµ-opioid receptor (MOR) expression in a human neuronal cell line. SH-SY5Y humanneuroblastoma cells were treated with various concentrations of propofol (1, 5,10 or 20 µM) for different lengths of time (6, 12 or 24 h). Real-time quantitativeRT-PCR showed that at a concentration range of 1-10 µM, propofol increased MORmRNA levels in a statistically significant dose- and time-dependent manner within12 h of treatment. Western blot analyses demonstrated that propofol treatmentfor 12 h dose-dependently increased the MOR protein levels. In the 12-h SH-SY5Y-treatedcells, propofol dose-dependently increased MOR density (Bmax) in the cell membranes.In addition, in the presence of the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D (1 mg/ml),propofol (10 µM) had no significant effect on the MOR mRNA levels over time. Theresults suggested that propofol dose- and time-dependently enhances MOR expressionin SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells at the transcriptional level, leading toan increased density of ligand-binding MORs in the cell membranes. This studydemonstrated for the first time a link between propofol and the opioid system,thereby providing new insights into propofol mechanism of action and potentialfor abuse.

Propofol increases μ-opioid receptor expression in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells