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The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of T-helper cell subtypesTh1, Th2, Th17 and Treg in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), and whether they arerelated to anti-cardiolipin antibody (aPL) titers. Peripheral mononuclear cells(PBMCs) were isolated from healthy donors, and incubated with aPLs. Subsequentto a 48‑h incubation, PBMCs were collected and detected by flow cytometry. Theresults revealed that aPLs at higher concentrations may induce a significant increasein Th2 and Th17 frequencies, as opposed to a significant decrease in Th1 and Tregfrequencies and the Th1/Th2 ratio. These results indicate that there is a Th1/Th2imbalance, a Th17 upregulation and a Treg downregulation present in APS, and thatthese factors are positively correlated with aPL titers, suggesting a potentialrole of Th cells in the pathogenesis of APS.

Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg expression in cultured PBMCs with antiphospholipid antibodies