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Little progress has been made in the treatment of advanced cancer. Dendritic cells (DCs) plus cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells have exhibited antitumor effects. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of DC-CIK cell treatment in patients with advanced cancer. A paired study including 57 patients treated with DC-CIK cells (DC-CIK group) and 33 patients treated with best supportive care alone (BSC group) was performed. The patients in the DC-CIK group were matched to those in the control group in terms of sex, age, tumor type and clinical stage. T-cell subsets were detected and overall survival (OS) was compared between the two groups. The results demonstrated that CD4 + /CD25 + and CD8 + /CD28 - subsets significantly decreased following DC-CIK immunotherapy (P&lt;0.05). The CD3 + , CD3 + /CD8 + , CD8 + /CD28 + and CD3 + /CD56 + T-cell subsets were significantly increased in the DC-CIK group compared with the BSC group, while the CD8 + /CD28 - subset was significantly decreased. Univariate analysis demonstrated that a lower CD8 + /CD28 - and a higher CD8 + /CD28 + ratio were associated with prolonged OS in advanced cancer patients. In addition, DC-CIK treatment administration, age (&gt;60 vs. &lt;60 years), clinical stage and the frequency of CIK treatment significantly affected the OS of patients in the DC-CIK group. A CD8 + /CD28 - ratio of &lt;21.12 was found to decrease the hazard ratio (HR) of OS to 0.50 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29-0.87] and a CD8 + /CD28 + ratio &gt;9.04 was found to decrease the HR of OS to 0.45 (95% CI: 0.21-0.98). No serious side effects were observed in the DC-CIK group. Taken together, these data indicate that DC-CIK infusions were able to change the ratios of the T-cell subsets, which increased the T helper cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte subsets, while it decreased regulatory T lymphocyte subsets. Thus, this method of immunotherapy was found to improve the imbalance in the immune system and prolong the OS in patients with advanced cancer.

Enhanced antitumor effects and improved immune status of dendritic cell and cytokine-induced killer cell infusion in advanced cancer patients