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An increasing incidence of hematological malignancies has been observed in children and adults worldwide over the last few decades. Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory disease. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the potential association between a history of asthma and the risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). A literature search was performed through PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the selected studies. The I 2 index was used to evaluate heterogeneity and the outcome was measured as the odds ratio (OR) by the random-effects model. A total of 16 case-control studies were included. All the studies were of high quality. The OR for ALL was 0.90 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68-1.19; P=0.45; I 2 =79%]. The OR for AML was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.67-1.08; P=0.19; I 2 =8%). The OR for NHL was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.83-1.00; P=0.05; I 2 =0%). Asthma was found to be inversely associated with the risk of NHL. A negative trend of association of asthma with ALL and AML was also observed. However, additional large prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.

Association of asthma with the risk of acute leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma