English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

To confirm the usefulness of the radial flow type bioreactor (RFB) for a three-dimensional (3D) culture system, which provides a tissue architecture and molecular function mimicking the in vivo environment, molecular expression in the A431 human squamous carcinoma cell line during culture were analyzed under the physically different environments of 3D culture in the RFB, 2D culture in a monolayer as well as in nude mice. Time-dependent accumulation of autocrine transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1 was found in spent culture media obtained only from 3D cultured A431 cancer cells, which grew well with a stratified-sheet morphology. Cells in the RFB overexpressed matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) and showed an increased release of soluble 80-kDa fragments of E-cadherin into the media time-dependently, resulting in the reduction of E-cadherin protein at the cell surface without down-regulation of the mRNA. beta-Catenin and its nuclear partner, LEF1, were up-regulated and Wnt protein secretion was also accelerated. Additional up-regulation of the transcriptional factors, HMGA2 and down-stream Slug, was noted. TGFbeta1-dependent, MMP7-mediated up-regulation of beta-catenin/LEF1 signaling and TGFbeta1-activated HMGA2 pathways consequently converged with Slug overexpression, due to disassembly and further repression of E-cadherin expression, which was reproducible in the epithelial mesenchymal transition process without any manipulation. Other transcriptional factors, Notch/HEY1 and NF-kappaB, were also up-regulated in 3D-cultured cells. These signals recruited molecules related to extracellular matrix-cell remodeling and angiogenesis. Expression of several representative molecules in the 3D cultured cells was parallel with that in xenotransplanted A431 tumor tissues in nude mice. 3D culture of tumor cells in the RFB is a useful tool for cancer experimental biology and evaluation of cancer therapeutic-like systems in nude mice.

international journal of oncology

Three-dimensional culture using a radial flow bioreactor induces matrix metalloprotease 7-mediated EMT-like process in tumor cells via TGFβ1/Smad pathway