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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer death,and its incidence is increasing worldwide in an alarming manner. The developmentof curative therapy for advanced and metastatic HCC is a high clinical priority.The HCC genome is complex and heterogeneous; therefore, the identification ofrecurrent genomic and related gene alterations is critical for developing clinicalapplications for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy of the disease. Thisarticle focuses on recent research progress and our contribution in identifyingand deciphering the role of defined genetic alterations in the pathogenesis ofHCC. A significant number of genes that promote or suppress HCC cell growth havebeen identified at the sites of genomic reorganization. Notwithstanding the accumulationof multiple genetic alterations, highly recurrent changes on a single chromosomecan alter the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) whosederegulation may be sufficient to drive the progression of normal hepatocytesto malignancy. A distinct and highly recurrent pattern of genomic imbalances inHCC includes the loss of DNA copy number (associated with loss of heterozygosity)of TSG-containing chromosome 8p and gain of DNA copy number or regional amplificationof protooncogenes on chromosome 8q. Even though 8p is relatively small, it carriesan unusually large number of TSGs, while, on the other side, several oncogenesare dispersed along 8q. Compelling evidence demonstrates that DLC1, a potent TSGon 8p, and MYC oncogene on 8q play a critical role in the pathogenesis of humanHCC. Direct evidence for their role in the genesis of HCC has been obtained ina mosaic mouse model. Knockdown of DLC1 helps MYC in the induction of hepatoblasttransformation in vitro, and in the development of HCC in vivo. Therapeutic interventions,which would simultaneously target signaling pathways governing both DLC1 and MYCfunctions in hepatocarcinogenesis, could result in progress in the treatment ofliver cancer.

international journal of oncology

Role of DLC1 tumor suppressor gene and MYC oncogene in pathogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma: Potential prospects for combined targeted therapeutics