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Searching for photodynamic therapy-effective nanocarriers which enable aphotosensitizer to be selectively delivered to tumor cells with enhanced bioavailabilityand diminished dark cytotoxicity is of current interest. We have employed a polymer-basednanoparticle approach to encapsulate the cyanine-type photosensitizer IR-780 inpoly(n-butyl cyanoacrylate) (PBCA) nanocapsules. The latter were fabricated byinterfacial polymerization in oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsions formed by dicephalicand gemini saccharide-derived surfactants. Nanocarriers were characterized bySEM, AFM and DLS. The efficiency of PBCA nanocapsules as a potential system ofphotosensitizer delivery to human breast cancer cells was established by darkand photocytotoxicity as the function of the cellular mitochondria. The photodynamiceffect of cyanine IR-780 was determined by investigation of oxidative stress markers.The nanocapsules were the main focus of our studies to examine their cellularuptake and dark and photocytotoxicity as the function of the cellular mitochondriaas well as oxidative stress markers (i.e., lipid peroxidation and protein damage)in MCF-7/WT cancer cells. The effects of encapsulated IR-780 were compared withthose of native photosensitizer. The penetration of the nanocapsules into cancercells was visualized by CLSM and their uptake was estimated by FACS analysis.Cyanine IR-780 delivered in PBCA nanocapsules to MCF-7/WT cells retains its sensitivityupon photoirradiation and it is regularly distributed in the cell cytoplasm. Theintensity of the photosensitizer-generated oxidative stress depends on IR-780release from the effective uptake of polymeric nanocapsules and seems to remaindependent upon the surfactant structure in o/w microemulsion-based templates appliedto nanocapsule fabrication.

Photo-oxidative action in MCF-7 cancer cells induced by hydrophobic cyanines loaded in biodegradable microemulsion-templated nanocapsules