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Analyzing molecular biomarkers using blood is an important approach forclinical assessment of malignant glioma. We investigated a molecular proteomicbiomarker-based approach for glioblastoma using patients' blood samples. The expressionlevels of a list of candidate proteins were quantified in plasma and serum samplesfrom two different cohorts of patients with malignant glioma and normal controls.The biological function was studied for one of the identified markers. Additionally,the prognostic significance of protein marker expression was measured by survivalanalysis. As a result, protein biomarkers associated with malignant glioma wereidentified from the blood specimens and five of the protein biomarkers were commonto both cohorts. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that many of the proteinbiomarkers identified in peripheral blood specimens were expressed in malignantgliomas. Staining levels for one of the biomarkers, MIP-1α, was found to correlatewith WHO grade among invasive gliomas, and we demonstrate that MIP-1α promoteshuman glioblastoma cell proliferation and migration. Additionally, four prognosticprotein biomarkers were identified. In conclusion, we demonstrate that both peripheralblood plasma and serum specimens are highly valuable and complementary to eachother in the quest for protein biomarkers of malignant glioma. Sets of novel proteinbiomarkers were identified that may aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of patientswith malignant glioma.

Identification of blood protein biomarkers that aid in the clinical assessment of patients with malignant glioma