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Newcastle disease virus (NDV) AF2240 Malaysian strain is a very virulentavian virus. NDV strain AF2240 was previously demonstrated to induce apoptosisin human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells. However, at which stage of the NDV lifecycle apoptosis is induced and whether NDV replication and protein synthesis areinvolved in apoptosis induction have yet to be determined. In the present study,we investigated the time course of NDV strain AF2240 nucleoprotein (NP) gene expressionand the early apoptotic signs in the form of activation of caspase-8 and mitochondrialtransition pore opening. In addition, the induction of apoptosis by both ultraviolet-inactivatedand cycloheximide-treated NDV-infected MCF-7 cells were examined. Our findingsshowed that NDV strain AF2240 induced apoptosis at 1 h post-infection (pi) throughactivation of mitochondrial transition pore opening and at 2 h through activationof caspase-8, while the NP gene was expressed at 6 h pi. The induced apoptosiswas independent of both virus replication and protein synthesis. In conclusion,NDV strain AF2240 induces apoptosis at an early stage of its life cycle, possiblyduring virus binding or fusion with the cell membrane. The mitochondrial-relatedpathway may be the central activator in NDV strain AF2240-induced apoptosis.

Newcastle disease virus Malaysian strain AF2240 induces apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells at an early stage of the virus life cycle