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Emodin, a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative in oriental herbalmedicine, has been shown to exert a variety of pharmacological activities. Thegoal of this study was to determine the effects of emodin on the modulation ofcell proliferation, migration, inflammatory responses, and matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expression in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced rat aorticsmooth muscle cells (RASMCs). Cell proliferation and migration were measured usingthe MTT assay and the transwell chamber assay, respectively. Quantitative real-timePCR and western blot analysis were used to detect MMP expression. Gel shift wasused for analysis of nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation. In addition, the expressionof several inflammatory genes was also analyzed. Treatment of RASMCs with emodinsignificantly and dose-dependently attenuated TNF-α-induced proliferation, migration,mRNA and protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, and NF-κB activation. Furthermore,emodin significantly inhibited TNF-α-evoked inflammatory responses, as demonstratedby the reduction in the expression of inflammatory genes. These results suggestthat emodin inhibits TNF-α-induced proliferation, migration, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressionas well as inflammatory responses in cultured RASMCs, supporting the notion thatemodin may have potential application in clinical atherosclerosis disease.

Emodin inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α-induced migration and inflammatory responses in rat aortic smooth muscle cells