English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Nod-like receptors (NLRs) are cytosolic sensors for microbial molecules.Νucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)1 and NOD2 recognize the peptidoglycanderivatives, meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) and muramyl dipeptide (MDP),respectively, and trigger host innate immune responses. In the present study,we examined the function of NOD1 and NOD2 on innate immune responses in humanperiodontal ligament (PDL) cells. The gene expression of NOD1 and NOD2 was examinedby RT-PCR. IL-6 and IL-8 production in culture supernatants was measured by ELISA.Western blot analysis was performed to determine the activation of NF-κB and MAPKin response to Tri-DAP and MDP. The genes of NOD1 and NOD2 appeared to be expressedin PDL cells. Although the levels of NOD2 expression were weak in intact cells,MDP stimulation increased the gene expression of NOD2 in PDL cells. Tri-DAP andMDP led to the production of IL-6 and IL-8 and the activation of NF-κB and MAPKin PDL cells. Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation led to increased gene expressionof NOD1 and NOD2 in PDL cells. Pam3CSK4 (a TLR2 agonist) and IFN-γ synergizedwith Tri-DAP and MDP to produce IL-8 and IL-6 in PDL cells. Our results indicatethat NOD1 and NOD2 are functionally expressed in human PDL cells and can triggerinnate immune responses.

NOD1 and NOD2 stimulation triggers innate immune responses of human periodontal ligament cells