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As well-known regulators of gene expression, microRNAs (miRNAs) play animportant role not only in cell proliferation and differentiation, but also intumorigenesis and organ development. Furthermore, it is estimated that miRNAsmay be responsible for regulating the expression of nearly one-third of the humangenome. Simultaneously, in the clinic, with advances in neonatal care, a largernumber of premature infants are being saved, and thus diseases of lung development,including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have become more and more common. However,only a few miRNA studies have studied their connection with diseases of lung development.In our study, we used a miRNA microarray including more than 1891 capture probesto profile the expression of miRNAs at three time points of rat lung development[embryonic (E) Day 16 (E16), E19, E21]. miRNAs found to have consistent fold-changes(fold-change&gt;2.0) during all three time points were selected and validatedby real-time PCR. As a result, 167 differentially expressed miRNAs were foundduring rat lung organogenesis, including 81 upregulated and 86 downregulated miRNAs.Seven miRNAs were selected and characterized by having a consistent &gt;2-foldchanges between all three groups. Among these 7 miRNAs, except for let-7a, theother 6 miRNAs (miR-1949, miR-125b-5p, miR-296, miR-93, miR-146b, miR-3560) areall first reported for the first time in lung development. Finally, due to thefact that they demonstrated higher fold changes, from these 7 miRNAs we selectedmiR-125b-5p, miR-296, miR-93, miR-146b and miR-3560 for real-time PCR. We hypothesizedthat these newly identified miRNAs may play an important role in fetal lung development,and this experimental result could help us to further clarify the mechanism ofnormal lung development including the development of type II pneumocytes. Thismay provide a physiological basis for future research on diseases of lung development.

Expression profile of microRNAs in fetal lung development of Sprague-Dawley rats