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The present series of experiments aim mainly at investigating the possibleinfluence of changes in the com-position of dietary lipids (sunflower oil, salmonoil, safflower oil) upon the metabolic syndrome found in rats exposed to a fructose-richdiet. For purpose of comparison, a control group of rats received the sunfloweroil diet with substitution of fructose by starch. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerancetest, performed after overnight starvation fifty days after the start of the experimentsat the 6th week after birth, indicated, as expected, impaired tolerance to glucoseand deterioration of insulin sensitivity (HOMA index), without changes in theinsulinogenic index, when comparing the fructose-fed rats to the starch-fed ratsboth exposed to the sunflower oil diet. In the fructose-fed rats, enrichment ofthe diet by long-chain polyunsaturated ω3 fatty acids supplied by salmon oil,a modest improvement of insulin sensitivity was opposed, in term of glucose homeostasis,by a decreased secretory response to glucose of insulin-producing cells. Last,in the fructose-fed rats, the partial substitution of sunflower oil by saffloweroil rich in long-chain polyunsaturated ω6 fatty acids further deteriorated glucosehomeostasis, with a higher mean HOMA index and a severe decrease of the insulinogenicindex. These findings justify further investigations on such items as the timecourse for changes in metabolic and hormonal variables and both the metabolicand secretory responses of isolated pancreatic islets to selected nutrient secretagogues.

The metabolic syndrome of fructose-fed rats: Effects of long-chain polyunsaturated ω3 and ω6 fatty acids. I. Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test