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A previous study by our group has demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces adenomyosis through stimulating inflammatory cell proliferation and invasive growth of stromal cells via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of berberine (BBR) on LPS-induced ectopic endometrial stromal cells (EESCs) isolated from patients with adenomyosis. The viability of EESCs treated with LPS or LPS plus BBR was detected by a cell counting kit-8 assay, and the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. The effect of BBR on the expression of key molecules of inflammatory proliferation and invasive growth of LPS-induced EESCs was also evaluated. BBR significantly inhibited the LPS-induced proliferation of EESCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. BBR induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and enhanced apoptosis of LPS-induced EESCs. Furthermore, BBR inhibited the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, transforming growth factor-β, epithelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase 2 in LPS-induced EESCs. To the best of our knowledge, the present study was the first to demonstrate that BBR has a protective effect on ameliorating the LPS-induced progression of adenomyosis. This result may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the clinical treatment of the disease.

experimental and therapeutic medicine

Berberine inhibits the LPS‑induced proliferation and inflammatory response of stromal cells of adenomyosis tissues mediated by the LPS/TLR4 signaling pathway