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The present study investigated the mechanism of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) inhibition on the cytotoxicity induced by titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles (NPs) using murine epidermal JB6 cells transfected with activator protein-1 (AP-1), JB6-AP-1 cells. Confocal microscopy was performed to localize TiO 2 NPs in cultured cells. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) present in cells was evaluated by staining with 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and dihydroethidium. AP-1 gene expression levels in the cells were detected using the luciferase assay. Confocal microscopy indicated that TiO 2 NPs passed through the cell membrane into the cytoplasm; however, they did not penetrate the nuclear membrane. The present findings indicated that NAC markedly inhibited ROS generation and significantly inhibited cytotoxicity (P&lt;0.05) induced by TiO 2 NPs. Furthermore, alternative studies have demonstrated that AP-1 luciferase activity induced by TiO 2 NPs may be significantly inhibited by NAC. In conclusion, the ability for NAC to inhibit the cytotoxicity induced by TiO 2 NPs may primarily occur by blocking ROS generation in the cultured cells.

experimental and therapeutic medicine

Mechanism of N-acetyl-cysteine inhibition on the cytotoxicity induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in JB6 cells transfected with activator protein-1