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The aim of the present study was to examine differentially expressed proteome profiles for candidate biomarkers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of liver failure (LF) patients. Ten patients were diagnosed as LF and 10 age- and gender-matched subjects were recruited as healthy controls. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based quantitative proteomic technology is efficiently applicable for identification and relative quantitation of the proteomes of PBMCs. Eight-plex iTRAQ coupled with strong cation exchange chromatography, and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry were used to analyze total proteins in LF patients and healthy control subjects. Molecular variations were detected using the iTRAQ method, and western blotting was used to verify the results. LF is a complex type of medical emergency that evolves following a catastrophic insult to the liver, and its outcome remains the most ominous of all gastroenterologic diseases. Serious complications tend to occur during the course of the disease and further exacerbate the problems. Using the iTRAQ method, differentially expressed proteome profiles of LF patients were determined. In the present study, 627 proteins with different expression levels were identified in LF patients compared with the control subjects; with 409 proteins upregulated and 218 proteins downregulated. Among them, four proteins were significantly differentially expressed; acylaminoacyl-peptide hydrolase and WW domain binding protein 2 were upregulated, and resistin and tubulin β 2A class IIa were downregulated. These proteins demonstrated differences in their expression levels compared with other proteins with normal expression levels and the significant positive correlation with LF. The western blot results were consistent with the results from iTRAQ. Thus, investigation of the molecular mechanism of the proteins involved in LF may facilitate an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of LF and elucidation of novel biomarker candidates.

Differential proteomics analysis of liver failure in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation