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Three new Drosophila species are described in the ananassae subgroup from Australia, New Guinea and Samoa. Drosophila pandora sp.nov. and D. anomalata sp.nov. are morphologically very similar to the circumtropical species D. ananassae and are classified together in the ananassae complex. For 40 years D. pandora has been incorrectly identified as D. ananassae in the Australian tropics. The results of a detailed examination of the morphology of 1649 wild-caught ananassae-like male specimens, sampled from 60 islands from Southeast Asia to French Polynesia and 94 localities of northern Australia and western, central and eastern New Guinea, are reported. Comparisons are made with Afrotropical and Oriental samples to confirm the identity of D. ananassae s.str. Photomicrographs of the male terminalia and sex combs of D. ananassae and D. pandora from geographically distant localities demonstrate the stability of the important diagnostic characters. Males of D. anomalata, known only from three localities in Queensland, Australia, have a unique bobbing behaviour when courting, and they have the lowest total number of teeth in the sex combs. The distinctive male terminalia of related species D. atripex, D. monieri, D. ochrogaster, D. parapallidosa and D. pallidosa are figured for comparison. Among them, a species from Samoa, closely resembling the Fijian endemic species D. phaeopleura, is described here as Drosophila schugi sp.nov. Mcevey, Shane F., and Michele SchiFFer. 2015. New species in the Drosophila ananassae subgroup from northern Australia, New Guinea and the South Pacific (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with historical overview. Records of the Australian Museum 67(5): 129–161. KeywordS. Drosophilidae; Drosophila ananassae; taxonomy; biogeography Bock & Wheeler (1972) revised the Drosophila melanogaster species group (Sturtevant, 1942) worldwide and classified 64 species into 11 subgroups, one of which—the D. ananassae subgroup (Hsu, 1949)—was subdivided into the bipectinata complex (in males of which the aedeagus is bifid and bare), and the ananassae complex (in males of which the aedeagus is fused and strongly hirsute) (Bock, 1971). Two additional complexes have been added for species from Madagascar and the Seychelles. There are now 336 species in the melanogaster species group, they are in 27 subgroups, 25 species are in the ananassae subgroup; 15 of the 25 species have not formally been placed in any species complex. Fieldwork since 1972 in New Guinea, northern Australia and the South Pacific has yielded an enormous cache 130 Records of the Australian Museum (2015) Vol. 67 Figure 1. Distribution of 11 of the 12 Drosophila ananassae complex species, the authors have collected at red dot localities or examined specimens collected by others from red circle localities; these data are complete for the Australian Region and incomplete for the Oriental Region. Drosophila lachaisei Tsacas, 1984 from Africa is not shown. The Drosophila pandora sp.nov. type locality is Lake Placid near Cairns (see inset); the D. anomalata sp.nov. type locality is Deeragun near Townsville. Drosophila ananassae s.str. is pantropical within the pale blue lines, the Ambon type locality is shown; D. ananassae extends as far south as Corindi in Australia, it is absent in Sydney and New Zealand. Three or more additional, but undescribed species, occur in New Guinea (and perhaps also in northern Australia), these are not shown. Islands of Torres Strait: (1) Mabuiag, (2) Moa, (3) Thursday, and (4) Mount Adolphus; and localities on Cape York Peninsula: (5) Bamaga, (6) Bertie Creek and Heathlands homestead, (7) Doublemouth and Gunshot Creeks, (8) Gordon Creek, (9) Iron Range (nr airstrip), and (10) upper Peach Creek (McIlwraith Range) are indicated (see inset). Geospatial coordinates of all localities are given in Appendix 1. of specimens which has enabled us to undertake a comprehensive comparative morphological study of the species similar to Drosophila ananassae in this region. In this paper we describe three new species in the ananassae subgroup, two of which are in the ananassae complex.

records of the australian museum

New species in the Drosophila ananassae subgroup from northern Australia, New Guinea and the South Pacific (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with historical overview