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Species of Limnadopsis Spencer & Hall occur in temporary pools in arid and semi-arid areas of Australia. The genus is redefined and Limnadopsium Novojilov treated as a junior synonym. As in other spinicaudatans, most morphological characters are variable, this variability is given in expanded and rewritten descriptions of the three previously described species: L. birchii Baird, L. parvispinus Henry, and L. tatei Spencer & Hall. Five additional species from northern and western parts of Australia are described: L. minuta n.sp., L. multilineata n.sp., L. occidentalis n.sp., L. paradoxa n.sp., and L. pilbarensis n.sp. Limnadopsis brunneus Spencer & Hall is considered a nomen dubium. The most useful features for discriminating species are the shape of the carapace, the relative development of the dorsal carinae of the carapace, the number and relative size of the telsonic denticles, the number of spines on the cercopods, and the surface morphology of the eggs. A key is provided for all species. Western Australia has six species; much of the rest of Australia has 2–3 species, but none has been recorded from relatively well watered Victoria, Tasmania, and north Queensland. Timms, Brian V., 2009. A revision of the Australian endemic clam shrimp genus Limnadopsis Spencer & Hall (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata: Limnadiidae). Records of the Australian Museum 61(1): 49–72. © The Author, 2009. Journal compilation © Australian Museum, Sydney, 2009 Records of the Australian Museum (2009) Vol. 61: 49–72. ISSN 0067-1975 doi: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.61.2009.1498 Of the eight genera of clam shrimps (within the Laevicaudata, Spinicaudata, and Cyclestherida) known so far from Australia, only Limnadopsis is endemic (Richter & Timms 2005). This genus was erected by Spencer & Hall (1896) to accommodate three new species, L. squirei, L. tatei, and L. brunneus. Central to their genus definition was the presence of “spinous processes on the dorsal edge of the carapace”, and the presence of 26–32 pairs of legs. Sayce (1903) realized what was then known as Estheria birchii (of Baird 1860) was synonymous with L. squirei, and so designated the latter as the type of Limnadopsis. Henry (1924) added a new species L. parvispinus, but this publication went virtually unheeded (e.g., Novojilov 1958, Thiéry 1996). Much later Novojilov (1958) thought all three of Spencer & Hall’s (1896) species were so different from each other that they represent three different genera, so he split off L. tatei into a new genus Limnadiopsium, but he never proposed a new genus for L. brunneus. Daday (1925) confused the spelling and definition of Limnadopsis, and this problem continues (Novojilov 1958, Straškraba 1965a, Thiéry 1996, Dumont & Negrea 2004), although Brtek (1997) corrected the spelling of Limnadopsis, L. birchii, and L. squirei. Some authors (e.g., Richter & Timms 2005) have not recognized Limnadiopsium, and there are problems with the descriptions of L. parvispinus and L. brunneus (Richter & Timms 2005), all of which further confuse the taxonomy of this group. The only other study on the genus is by Pabst & Richter (2004), on larval development in L. parvispinus. Four undescribed species of Limnadopsis have been found in Western Australia, and another nearby in the Northern Territory. Given the confused state of the taxonomy of this genus and its associates, it is the aim of this paper to revise the genus.