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A total of eight coastal talitrid amphipods from Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia are documented. Three new genera (Australorchestia n.gen.; Bellorchestia n.gen. and Notorchestia n.gen.) and seven new species (Australorchestia occidentalis n.sp.; Bellorchestia richardsoni n.sp.; Notorchestia lobata n.sp.; N. naturaliste n.sp.; Platorchestia paraplatensis n.sp. Protorchestia ceduna n.sp. and Transorchestia marlo n.sp.) are described. Notorchestia australis (Fearn-Wannan, 1968) is reported from Twofold Bay, New South Wales, to the Eyre Peninsula, South Australia. Seven Australian and New Zealand “Talorchestia” species are transferred to Bellorchestia: B. chathamensis (Hurley, 1956); B. kirki (Hurley, 1956); B. marmorata (Haswell, 1880); B. pravidactyla (Haswell, 1880); B. quoyana (Milne Edwards, 1840); B. spadix (Hurley, 1956) and B. tumida (Thomson, 1885). Two Australian “Talorchestia” species are transferred to Notorchestia: N. australis (Fearn-Wannan, 1968) and N. novaehollandiae (Stebbing, 1899). Type material of Platorchestia platensis and Protorchestia lakei were re-examined for comparison with Australian species herein described. A key to the species herein described is provided. Serejo, C.S., & j.K. Lowry, 2008. The coastal Talitridae (Amphipoda: Talitroidea) of southern and western Australia, with comments on Platorchestia platensis (Kroyer, 1845). Records of the Australian Museum 60(2): 161–206. © The Authors, 2008. Journal compilation © Australian Museum, Sydney, 2008 Records of the Australian Museum (2008) Vol. 60: 161–206. ISSN 0067-1975 doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.60.2008.1491 The family Talitridae includes about 250 species distributed in 52 genera, being the only amphipod group that has colonized terrestrial habitats. Coastal talitrids reported herein include species living by the sea on beaches, in estuarine areas, and even fully freshwater streams. Worldwide they include about 22 genera represented by the marsh-hoppers, beach-hoppers, and sand-hoppers. The fourth ecological group within the Talitridae, the land-hoppers, can be found near the sea or at high altitudes, but they inhabit the forestfloor litter, and are considered truly terrestrial. Definitions of these four ecological groups were first proposed by Bousfield (1982, 1984) and are currently used in the literature, although they do not reflect monophyletic groups. Australian land-hoppers are relatively well known from the works of Friend (1979, 1982, 1987). Richardson et al. (1991, 1997) and Richardson & Mulcahy (1996) showed the zonation of species, including land-hoppers, along Tasmanian coastlines. More recently, Peart & Lowry (2006) described six new land-hoppers from New South Wales. Land-hoppers will not be considered further in this study. 162 Records of the Australian Museum (2008) Vol. 60 The first genera established to include coastal talitrids were Orchestia Leach, 1793, Talitrus Latreille, 1802, Orchestoidea Nicolet, 1849, and Talorchestia Dana, 1852. Until Bousfield’s revisions (1982, 1984) most coastal species were identified within these genera. However, line drawings at that time were insufficient to define these groups, especially between Orchestia and Talorchestia, leading to the current difficulties (Hurley, 1956; Morino & Miyamoto, 1988). Bousfield (1982) revised part of the coastal talitrids based on material from the northeastern Pacific coast. The Orchestia complex was subdivided into six genera, and the Orchestoidea complex into four genera. Uhlorchestia was erected to include some of the marshhopper species from the Atlantic coast of North America (Bousfield & Heard, 1986). The Talorchestia complex was not considered at that time. Morino and Miyamoto (1988) proposed a redefinition of Talorchestia (sensu stricto), that included the type species, T. gracilis (Dana, 1852), plus T. spinipalma (Dana, 1852), T. martensii (Weber, 1892) and T. palawanensis Morino & Miyamoto, 1988. Subsequently, Miyamoto & Morino (1999) included a fifth species, T. mindorensis Olerod, 1970. Although this new definition may be correct, it is incomplete because it leaves the remaining species of Talorchestia (sensu lato) without a generic name. Later, Bousfield (1991) treated some sand-hoppers species from the Gulf of Mexico and erected Americorchestia, including part of the Talorchestia species to this new genus. Serejo (2004) created Atlantorchestoidea to include the common, highly adapted Brazilian sand-hopper from open beaches, A. brasiliensis (Dana, 1853). Ruffo (in Tafani et al., 2004) proposed two new genera, Deshayesorchestia and Sardorchestia, for Mediterranean species of Talorchestia (sensu lato) based on molecular analysis. Some Talorchestia (sensu lato) species have also been transferred to new genera (Notorchestia and Bellorchestia) in this study. At this point 26 species of Talorchestia (sensu lato) remain unplaced. Although quite common on Australian beaches and in mangrove areas, knowledge of the coastal Australian talitrid fauna is scattered and based mainly on works from the 19th century. Of the 42 known Talitridae species in Australia, 14 are recorded for the coastal zones, all from the eastern or southern coasts (Lowry & Stoddart, 2003). There were no records of talitrids from the Northern Territory or from Western Australia until this study. Dana (1852) was the first to describe talitrid species from Australia, recording two species of Orchestia from New South Wales (NSW), O. dispar and O. quadrimanus. Haswell (1879; 1880) studied material from Queensland, New South Wales and Tasmania, and described six additional species of Orchestia and Talorchestia: O. macleayana Haswell, 1879; O. marmorata Haswell, 1880; T. diemenensis Haswell, 1879; T. limicola Haswell, 1880; T. pravidactyla Haswell, 1880 and T. terraereginae Haswell, 1880. Stebbing (1899) described T. novaehollandiae from New South Wales. More recently, Fearn-Wannan (1968) described Orchestia australis from Victoria; Marsden & Fenwick (1984) described a new genus and species, Chroestia lota, from Queensland; Richardson (1993) described two new species of estuarine talitrids, Eorchestia palustris and E. rupestris from Tasmania and Richardson (1996) described Protorchestia lakei also from Tasmania. Morino & Miyamoto (1988) recorded Talorchestia palawanensis (Morino & Miyamoto, 1988) from Thursday Island, Queensland, and T. spinipalma (Dana, 1852) from Port Denison, Queensland. However, the Australian record of T. spinipalma is based on a synonymy proposed by Stebbing (1906), who considered T. terraereginae Haswell (1880), type locality, Port Denison, Queensland, to be a junior synonym of T. spinipalma, type locality, Tongatabu, Tonga. This study is a step in the improvement of the knowledge of the Australian coastal talitrids.

The coastal Talitridae (Amphipoda: Talitroidea) of southern and western Australia, with comments on Platorchestia platensis (Krøyer, 1845)