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Therlinya, a new genus of cribellate amaurobioid spiders from eastern Australia, readily distinguished by its arched, unpatterned carapace, is described. It includes eleven new species: Therlinya kiah, T. foveolata, T. bellinger, T. horsemanae, T. wiangaree, T. ballata, T. vexillum, T. lambkinae, T. angusta, T. monteithi, and T. nasuta. All are forest dwelling species that build small sheet webs in sheltered microhabitats. Distribution maps and comments on relationships and biology are given. GRAY, MICHAEL R., & HELEN M. SMITH, 2002. Therlinya, a new genus of spiders from eastern Australia (Araneae: Amaurobioidea). Records of the Australian Museum 54(3): 293–312. Records of the Australian Museum (2002) Vol. 54: 293–312. ISSN 0067-1975 www.amonline.net.au/pdf/publications/1368_complete.pdf Therlinya n.gen. is one of many sheet web building amaurobioid spider groups associated with forested coastal and highland regions in eastern Australia. In particular, it is related to several undescribed genera from eastern and southwestern Australia that are characterised by the presence of longitudinal stripes on the carapace (Gray & Smith, in prep.), a feature lacking in Therlinya. All are forest dwelling species that build small sheet webs with funnel retreats opening from crevices or shallow burrows on logs, soil banks or under rocks. Therlinya and its relatives can be characterised as stiphidioid spiders placed in or near the family Stiphidiidae. Stiphidion, the type genus of the family has characters that seem to markedly distinguish it from other stiphidioids, notably the recurved PER, the relatively long PLS and the bulbous tegulum with its distal sperm duct loop directed anti-clockwise (clockwise in Therlinya and Baiami). The Stiphidiidae has been variously constituted within the Amaurobioidea. Lehtinen (1967) limited the Stiphidiinae (placed within his Amaurobiidae) to three Australian taxa: Stiphidion Simon (previously placed in the Psechridae and the Dictynidae), Tjurunga Lehtinen and Baiami Lehtinen. Tjurunga is based upon an odd Tasmanian species (Rubrius paroculus Simon, known only from the type female) which has the unusual cheliceral tooth pattern of 7+4 and a wide, distinctly cleft colulus. It may be related to another Tasmanian genus (Gray, in prep.) which has a similar colulus but a tooth pattern of 2+3. Forster & Wilton (1973) expanded their Stiphidiidae to include, besides Stiphidion and Baiami, Corasoides Butler, Cambridgea L. Koch, Nanocambridgea Forster & Wilton, Procambridgea Forster & Wilton and Ischalea L. Koch. Davies (1988) excluded the latter two genera from the Stiphidiidae in a review of Stiphidion and its relationships. Cambridgea and Nanocambridgea were recently reviewed by Blest & Vink (2000) as stiphidiid spiders but with no comments on relationships. The presence of a grate-shaped tapetum in the posterior eyes of Stiphidion prompted Griswold (1993) to suggest that this genus belonged with the Lycosoidea. However, other characters (notably the presence of fused paracribellar spigots on the PMS) have supported its retention within the Amaurobioidea (Griswold et al., 1999; Davies & Lambkin, 2000), inferring that the grate-shaped tapetum has arisen independently in these two superfamilies. Like Stiphidion, Therlinya and its related “striped” group of genera have grate-shaped tapeta. Griswold et al. (1999) also noted the 294 Records of the Australian Museum (2002) Vol. 54 presence of this character in Baiami but the type of tapetum present in most other putative stiphidiids is not known. Nonetheless, this character is a potentially unifying feature for “stiphidioid” spiders. Stiphidioid spiders such as Stiphidion, Therlinya and Taurongia Hogg are characterised by the presence of indirect eyes with grate-shaped tapeta (tapetum type unknown in Taurongia); large size of AME; chilum median, entire; 2+3 cheliceral teeth; feathery hairs; spiniform embolus; a membraneous T-shaped conductor; two RTAs; MA present or absent; cymbial flange and trichobothria; epigynum typically with paired lateral fossae; no epigynal teeth; cribellum divided, ALS with two MAP; PMS with grouped paracribellar spigots; PLS slender, longest, with 1–3 paracribellar spigots; calamistrum proximal to central; typically run inverted under the sheet web. Several of these characters are shared with some of Forster & Wilton’s Agelenidae, notably the male palpal morphology (cf. Orepukia, Mahura) and, in some ecribellate taxa, the cleft colulus (cf. Orepukia). These authors noted that a firm separation between their Stiphidiidae and Agelenidae is difficult (Forster & Wilton, 1973). The cladogram of Griswold et al. (1999), shows a weak stiphidioid clade (Stiphidion and Baiami with Neolana Forster & Wilton) supported by a single, dubious synapomorphy (“web posture erect”). They score the first two genera as “inverted” (correct for Baiami) while Neolana is scored as “erect”. The web of Neolana (Forster & Wilton, 1973: 273) shows at least a superficial resemblance to that of Stiphidion, including that spider’s habit of sitting on the substrate above the web. But how these spiders actually move on the web is not clear. The web position of Stiphidion is ambiguous because, except during egg sac construction, it is rarely seen on the web. These spiders sit on rock or wood substrates, sheltered within the short, central columnar attachments of their umbrella shaped webs. They catch most Figure 1. a,b, body, dorsal: a, Therlinya kiah, female; b, T. lambkinae, male. c–f, T. kiah, female: c, cheliceral teeth; d, carapace, lateral; e,f, eyes, e, dorsal; f, frontal (with chilum). Scale lines: a,b and d–f, 1.0 mm; c, 0.5 mm. Gray & Smith: Therlinya, a new genus of stiphidiid spiders 295 of their prey on the substrate under or at the guyed outer edges of the “umbrella”. While it is likely that Stiphidion and Neolana both had simple sheet web building ancestors, we cannot infer their web posture, especially in the absence of a well supported plesiomorphic sister group (cf. Tartarus and Baiami (Gray, 1992)). Compared with Stiphidion and Therlinya, Neolana has a very distinctive palpal bulb structure, small AME, spinnerets of equal length, no feathery hairs and no flange or trichobothria on the cymbium. Its relationships remain speculative at present. The absence of a grate-tapetum in Corasoides (M. Humphries, pers. comm.) suggests that this very distinctive genus is not a stiphidioid. As well, Corasoides spp run erect on top of the sheet web (contrary to Forster & Wilton, 1973), rather than inverted below it like other putative stiphidioids. Taurongia Hogg and its undescribed relatives in eastern Australia and Tasmania (Gray, in prep), as well as Baiami and Tartarus Gray, generally fit within the stiphidioid definition given above. The absence of a divided conductor apex in Therlinya and its closest relatives (the “striped carapace” genera) contrasts with its presence in Stiphidion, Taurongia and Baiami, in all of which the embolus terminates on the outer branch. The appearance of the median apophysis is highly variable. It is absent in Stiphidion and Baiami, fleshy, sclerotised or reduced in Therlinya and its close relatives, a sclerotised spine or absent in the Taurongia group. Baiami (Gray, 1981) seems closest to Taurongia but has some distinctive features which may indicate that it occupies a basal position with respect to the other genera. For example, the conductor lacks a tegular window (which is present but very small in Taurongia group genera) and forms a wide circular membrane attached basally to the tegulum; the epigynal fossa is not or only weakly divided; and the PMS lack the level of fusion of the paracribellar spigots currently seen in most stiphidioids. Typically, the PMS paracribellar spigots are either all fused, as in Stiphidion and Therlinya (Fig. 3c), or mostly fused, as in Taurongia group genera, where the fused spigots are usually accompanied by one or more single (free) spigots. However, in Baiami brockmani the PMS paracribellar spigots are either all free, or fusion is restricted to the odd pair of paracribellar spigots (Fig. 3f). The conical, apical PLS segment is longest in Stiphidion and its spigots are also more elongate than in Therlinya. A PLS modified spigot and 3 free associated paracribellar spigots are present in both genera. In Baiami brockmani there are also 3 paracribellar spigots, but two have their bases fused together, while the other has its base fused with the modified PLS spigot base. In other putative stiphidiid genera examined, either 2 or 3 free paracribellar spigots were present, except in Taurongia where only one could be found. Material and methods Specimen examinations, measurements and drawings were made using a Wild M5 microscope with graticule and drawing attachment. Epigynal preparations were cleared in 8% potassium hydroxide before mounting in glycerol for microscopic examination. Specimen preparations for scanning electron microscopy were air dried from 100% acetone. Abbreviations and definitions. “Tegular window” refers to the gap between the proximal embolus and the lower edge of the conductor stem. BL, body length; CL, carapace length; CW carapace width; CapW, caput width; EGW, eye group width; AME, anterior median eyes; ALE, anterior lateral eyes; PME, posterior median eyes; PLE, posterior lateral eyes; MOQ, median ocular quadrangle; AER, anterior eye row; PER, posterior eye row; LL, labium length; LW, labium width; SL, sternum length; SW, sternum width; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; RVTA, retrolateral ventral tibial apophysis; ALS, anterior lateral spinnerets; PMS, posterior median spinnerets; PLS, posterior lateral spinnerets. Repository institutions. Specimens listed under accession numbers prefixed KS are deposited in the Australian Museum, Sydney (AMS). All other specimens are lodged in the Queensland Museum (QM). Figure 2. a–e, sensilla, Therlinya kiah: a, trichobothrium, femal