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Two new lysianassoid genera and species (Gippsia jonesae and Thaumodon poorei) are described from south-eastern Australia. The poorly known genus Galathella Barnard & Karaman, 1987, is rediagnosed; two new species (G. bassiana and G. palana) from south-eastern Australia are described and G. latipes (Ledoyer, 1986) from the western Indian Ocean is included. Galathella appears to be most closely related to Centromedon Sars, 1891, Gippsia n.gen. appears to be most closely related to Ichnopus Costa, 1853 and Thaumodon n.gen. appears to be related to Concarnes Barnard & Karaman, 1991. LOWRY, J.K. & H.E. STODDART, 1995. New lysianassoid genera and species from south-eastern Australia (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Records of the Australian Museum 47(1): 7-25. As part of our studies revising the world lysianassoid genera we describe two new genera, Gippsia and Thaumodon, from south-eastern Australia and redescribe the poorly known genus Galathella Barnard & Karaman, 1987, based on examination of the original material and new material from deep water near Bass Strait. Thaumodon belongs in the Lysianassidae. The Lysianassidae comprises taxa with a palp on maxilla 1 and a 6/5 setal-tooth arrangement on the outer plate of maxilla 1. The 6/5 arrangement may be derived from a simple 7/4 arrangement (Fig. la) in which eleven distal setal-teeth on the outer plate of maxilla 1 occur in two rows, an apical row of seven setal-teeth (known as ST1 to ST7) and a subapical row of four setal-teeth (known as STA to STD). In the 6/5 arrangement (Fig. 1b) the outer plate becomes slightly narrowed apically so that setal-tooth 1 (ST1) is displaced downwards, which displaces setal-tooth A (STA). This causes STA to be slightly displaced from STB. More than 60 lysianassoid genera in three family groups have this setal-tooth arrangement. The new genus Thaumodon has a modified 6/5 arrangement (Fig. 1c). Setal-tooth 7 is displaced from the outer row so that it sits against STD on the inner row. This has compressed the inner row setal-teeth so that STC is touching STA and STB is pushed behind them. To add to their unusual appearance the inner row setal-teeth are large and all of the setalteeth are cornified, curved and without cusps. Thaumodon occurs among seagrasses and wharf pilings and although it resembles a typical lysianassid, the simple first gnathopods are modified into a rasping organ and the mouthpart morphology is highly derived. Nothing is known about the ecology or behaviour of this species, but such information would be valuable in helping to interpret the interesting mouthpart morphology. 8 Records of the Australian Museum (1995) Vol. 47 Galathella and Gippsia belong to the family Uristidae as defined by Lowry & Stoddart (1992) as taxa in which the setal-teeth on the outer plate of maxilla 1 have a 7/4 crown arrangement. The 7/4 crown arrangement is most likely derived from the 6/5 arrangement through a further apical narrowing of the outer plate. The narrowing of the plate displaces setal-tooth 7 (ST7) down the medial face (Fig. Id). The migration of ST7 can be traced from a position opposite STD in Kyska Shoemaker, 1964, to a position beyond STD in Anonyx Kroyer, 1838 and Ichnopus Costa, 1853. The 7/4 crown arrangement may have arisen more than once, but at this stage it is not possible to detect separate lineages. Galathella galatheae (Dahl, 1959) was originally described in the genus Schisturella Norman, 1900, based on one female specimen from the Kermadec Trench. Barnard & Karaman (1987) established a monotypic genus, Galathella, for this species based on rather slim differences from Schisturella: an unproduced upper lip and a non-constricted inner ramus on uropod 2 (referred to as uropod 3 in Barnard & Karaman, 1987 and 1991). In fact Galathella differs from Schisturella in the arrangement of the setal-teeth on the outer plate of maxilla 1 and the first coxa is reduced and tapering, not vestigial as it is in Schisturella. New material of Galathella from mud bottoms on the continental slope and abyssal plain adjacent to the Bass Strait has allowed us to describe the genus more fully and re-evaluate its relationships with other lysianassoid genera. The genus Gippsia was collected from shallow coarse sand bottoms in south-eastern Australia. It appears to be related to the uristid genus Ichnopus but the simple dactylus on gnathopod 1, the shortened outer plate of maxilla 2 and the entire telson distinguish it from this genus. Because of the arrangement of the setal-teeth on maxilla 1, particularly the position of setal-tooth 7 and the setose molar with a very reduced triturating surface, species of Galathella and Gippsia are considered to be scavengers and/or predators. In this paper we change the terminology we have previously used to describe setae and spines. This change is based primarily on arguments about the homology of setae and spines presented by Oshel & Steele (1988) and Watling (1989). The terminology mainly follows Watling (1989) with a few modifications. What we have previously referred to as setae are now referred to as slender setae and what we previously referred to as spines are now called robust setae. What we previously referred to mainly as teeth (non-articulating extrusions of the cuticle), are now referred to as spines. Descriptions have been generated from the taxonomic database program DELTA (Dallwitz & Paine, 1986). All material is lodged in the Australian Museum, Sydney (AM) or the Museum of Victoria, Melbourne (NMV). The following abbreviations are used on the plates: A, antenna; E, epistome and upper lip; EP, epimeron; G, gnathopod; H, head; MD, mandible; MDP, mandibular palp; MP, maxilliped; MPIP, maxilliped inner plate; MPOP, maxilliped outer plate; MPP, maxilliped palp; MX, maxilla; P, peraeopod; ST, setal-tooth; T, telson; U, uropod; UR, urosome; I, left; r, right; lat, lateral.