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The species of the Australian endemic genus Parapiesiops are reviewed. Three previously described species (P. poweri, P. bleekeri and P. meleagris) are recognized and P. alisonae is described as new. Paraplesiops meieagris is shown to vary geographically in scale and gill raker counts. A key is provided to Australian plesiopid genera, and characteristics are given to allow identification of genera. HOESE, DOUGLASS F., & RUDIE H. KVITER. A revision of the Australian plesiopid fish genus Paraplesiops, with notes on other Australian genera. Records of the Australian Museum 36(1): 7-18. The genus Paraplesiops is restricted to subtropical and temperate rocky and coral reefs of Australia. Most species are cryptic, occurring in caves and under ledges. Little taxonomic work has been done on the group. Ogilby (1918) reviewed the Queensland species, and provided a key distinguishing five species, of which only three are recognized here. All the species were regarded as allopatric and little was known of their interrelationships. Subsequently the junior author discovered a fourth undescribed species, differing considerably in morphology from other Australian species. Also, little information was available on other Australian plesiopid genera until the works of AlIen and Kuiter (1976) and AlIen (1977). Recent collections have been made of Calloplesiops from Australia. It has also been found that Fraudella, originally described as a serranoid, belongs with the plesiopids. Currently six plesiopid genera are known from Australia, three endemic. Since literature on the family is scattered, a key is presented here to aid identification of the genera. Materials and Methods Counts and measurements follow Hubbs and Lagler (1958). Lateral line counts include pored scales from the upper lateral line running along the back, and the lower lateral line running along the midside to the base of the caudal fin. The longitudinal scale count is taken in a line from the end of the operculum to the caudal base, excluding small scales on the caudal fin. Lower gill raker counts are from the outer face of the first arch, beginning at the angle and including rudiments. Material used for the study is deposited in the following institutions: Australian Museum, Sydney (AMS); National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne (NMV) , Queensland Museum, Brisbane (QM), South Australian Museum, Adelaide (SAM), Western Australian Museum, Perth (W AM), and Division of Fisheries, CSIRO, Cronulla (CSIRO). The following material was used in preparing Table 1 and the key to genera: Assessor f/avissimus-AMS 1.19445-108, 1(26), Lizard Island, Queensland. Assessor macneilli-AMS 1.15682-035, 55(13-53), One Tree Island, Queensland. Cal/op/esiops altivelisAMS I. 15684-032,2(85-95), One Tree Island, Queensland. Fraudella carassiops-AMS IA.5093, 1(43), holotype, North-west Islet, Queensland; AMS IA.6302, 7(29-43), paratypes, North-west Islet, Queensland; QM 1.12388, 1(44), north of North Keppel Island, Queensland. Trachinops brauni-AMS 1.20245-018, 23(17-45), Rottnest Island, Western Australia. Trachinops caudimaculatus-AMS 1.17550-005, 4(49-60), Port Arthur, Tasmania. Trachin ops noarlungae-AMS 1.20181-009,1(66), Kangaroo Island, South Australia. Trachinops taeniatus-AMS 1.18241-020, 60(10-65), Port Hacking, New South Wales. Plesiops oxycephala-AMS 1.15681-043, 17(37-80), One Tree Island, Queensland. Plesiops cephalotaenia-AMS 1.15634-017, 1(70), One Tree Island, Queensland. Plesiops coeruleolineatus-AMS 1.19460-051, 1(49), Decapolis Reef, Queensland. Anstralian Plesiopid Genera The six plesiopid genera recognized from Australia are compared in Table 1. Whitley (1935) described Fraudella in the Hypoplectrodidae (= Serranidae) and recorded I, 5