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The particle and radiation environment in cis-lunar space is becomingincreasingly important as more hardware and human assets occupy various orbitsaround the Earth and space exploration efforts turn to the Moon and beyond.Since 2020, the total number of satellites in orbit has approximately doubled,highlighting the growing dependence on space-based resources. Through NASA'supcoming Artemis missions, humans will spend more time in cis-lunar space thanever before supported by the expansive infrastructure required for extendedmissions to the Moon, including a surface habitat, a communications network,and the Lunar Gateway. This paper focuses on galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) andsolar energetic particles (SEPs) that create a dynamic and varying radiationenvironment within these regions. GCRs are particles of hundreds of MeV/nucleon(MeV/n) and above generated in highly energetic astrophysical environments inthe Milky Way Galaxy, such as supernovae and pulsars, and beyond. Theseparticles impinge isotropically on the heliosphere and are filtered down to 1AU, experiencing modulation in energy and intensity on multiple timescales,from hours to decades, due to the solar magnetic cycle and other transientphenomena. SEPs are particles with energies up to thousands of MeV/n that areaccelerated in eruptive events on the Sun and flood the inner heliospherecausing sudden and drastic increases in the particle environment on timescalesof minutes to days. This paper highlights a current and prospective future gapin energetic particle measurements in the hundreds of MeV/n. We recommend keyobservations near Earth to act as a baseline as well as distributedmeasurements in the heliosphere, magnetosphere, and lunar surface to improvethe scientific understanding of these particle populations and sources.

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Galactic Cosmic Rays and Solar Energetic Particles in Cis-Lunar Space:  Need for contextual energetic particle measurements at Earth and supporting  distributed observations