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The discovery of large-amplitude narrowband whistler-mode waves atfrequencies of tenths of the electron cyclotron frequency in large numbers bothinside ~.3 AU and at ~1 AU provides an answer to longstanding questions aboutscattering and energization of solar wind electrons. The waves can have rapidnonlinear interactions with electrons over a broad energy range.Counter-propagation between electrons and waves is not required for resonancewith the obliquely propagating waves in contrast to the case for parallelpropagation. Using a full 3d particle tracing code, we have examinedinteractions of electrons with energies from 0 eV to 2 keV with whistler-modewaves with amplitudes of 20 mV/m and propagation angles from 0 to 180 degreesto the background magnetic field. Interactions with wave packets and singlewaves are both modeled based on observations at ~.3 AU and 1 AU. Thesimulations demonstrate the key role played by these waves in rapid scatteringand energization of electrons. Results provide evidence for nonlinear effects,indicating that quasi-linear methods are not adequate for modeling the role ofwhistlers in the evolution of solar wind electrons. Strong scattering andenergization for some initial energy and pitch angle ranges occurs for bothcounter-propagating and obliquely propagating waves. The strong scattering ofstrahl electrons counteracts the pitch angle narrowing due to conservation ofthe first adiabatic invariant as electrons propagate away from the sun intoregions of smaller magnetic field. Scattering also produces the hotterisotropic halo. The concomitant limiting of the electron heat flux is alsorelevant in other astrophysical settings.

the astrophysical journal. letters

Modeling interactions of narrowband large amplitude whistler-mode waves  with electrons in the solar wind inside ~.3 AU and at 1 AU using a particle  tracing code