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Brown dwarfs with well-determined ages, luminosities, and masses provide rarebut valuable tests of low-temperature atmospheric and evolutionary models. Wepresent the discovery and dynamical mass measurement of a substellar companionto HD 47127, an old ($\approx$7-10 Gyr) G5 main sequence star with a masssimilar to the Sun. Radial velocities of the host star with the Harlan J. SmithTelescope uncovered a low-amplitude acceleration of 1.93 $\pm$ 0.08 m s$^{-1}$yr$^{-1}$ based on 20 years of monitoring. We subsequently recovered a faint($\Delta H$=13.14 $\pm$ 0.15 mag) co-moving companion at 1.95$''$ (52 AU) withfollow-up Keck/NIRC2 adaptive optics imaging. The radial acceleration of HD47127 together with its tangential acceleration from Hipparcos and Gaia EDR3astrometry provide a direct measurement of the three-dimensional accelerationvector of the host star, enabling a dynamical mass constraint for HD 47127 B(67.5-177 $M_\mathrm{Jup}$ at 95% confidence) despite the small fractionalorbital coverage of the observations. The absolute $H$-band magnitude of HD47127 B is fainter than the benchmark T dwarfs HD 19467 B and Gl 229 B butbrighter than Gl 758 B and HD 4113 C, suggesting a late-T spectral type.Altogether the mass limits for HD 47127 B from its dynamical mass and thesubstellar boundary imply a range of 67-78 $M_\mathrm{Jup}$ assuming it issingle, although a preference for high masses of $\approx$100 $M_\mathrm{Jup}$from dynamical constraints hints at the possibility that HD 47127 B coulditself be a binary pair of brown dwarfs or that another massive companionresides closer in. Regardless, HD 47127 B will be an excellent target for morerefined orbital and atmospheric characterization in the future.

The McDonald Accelerating Stars Survey (MASS): Discovery of a Long-Period Substellar Companion Orbiting the Old Solar Analog HD 47127