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The joint observation of the gravitational-wave and electromagnetic signalfrom the binary neutron-star merger GW170817 allowed for a new independentmeasurement of the Hubble constant $H_0$, albeit with an uncertainty of about15\% at 1$\sigma$. Observations of similar sources with a network of futuredetectors will allow for more precise measurements of $H_0$. These, however,are currently largely limited by the intrinsic degeneracy between theluminosity distance and the inclination of the source in the gravitational-wavesignal. We show that the higher-order modes in gravitational waves can be usedto break this degeneracy in astrophysical parameter estimation in both theinspiral and post-merger phases of a neutron star merger. We show that forsystems at distances similar to GW170817, this method enables percent-levelmeasurements of $H_0$ with a single detection. This would permit the study oftime variations and spatial anisotropies of $H_0$ with unprecedented precision.We investigate how different network configurations affect measurements of$H_0$, and discuss the implications in terms of science drivers for theproposed 2.5- and third-generation gravitational-wave detectors. Finally, weshow that the precision of $H_0$ measured with these future observatories willbe solely limited by redshift measurements of electromagnetic counterparts.

Mapping the Universe Expansion: Enabling percent-level measurements of the Hubble Constant with a single binary neutron-star merger detection