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We report the observation of a compact binary coalescence involving a 22.2 -24.3 $M_{\odot}$ black hole and a compact object with a mass of 2.50 - 2.67$M_{\odot}$ (all measurements quoted at the 90$\%$ credible level). Thegravitational-wave signal, GW190814, was observed during LIGO's and Virgo'sthird observing run on August 14, 2019 at 21:10:39 UTC and has asignal-to-noise ratio of 25 in the three-detector network. The source waslocalized to 18.5 deg$^2$ at a distance of $241^{+41}_{-45}$ Mpc; noelectromagnetic counterpart has been confirmed to date. The source has the mostunequal mass ratio yet measured with gravitational waves,$0.112^{+0.008}_{-0.009}$, and its secondary component is either the lightestblack hole or the heaviest neutron star ever discovered in a doublecompact-object system. The dimensionless spin of the primary black hole istightly constrained to $\leq 0.07$. Tests of general relativity reveal nomeasurable deviations from the theory, and its prediction of higher-multipoleemission is confirmed at high confidence. We estimate a merger rate density of1-23 Gpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$ for the new class of binary coalescence sources thatGW190814 represents. Astrophysical models predict that binaries with massratios similar to this event can form through several channels, but areunlikely to have formed in globular clusters. However, the combination of massratio, component masses, and the inferred merger rate for this event challengesall current models for the formation and mass distribution of compact-objectbinaries.

GW190814: Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 23 M$_\odot$ Black Hole with a 2.6 M$_\odot$ Compact Object