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We present the first detection of atomic emission lines from the atmosphereof an exoplanet. We detect neutral iron lines from the day-side of KELT-9b (Teq$\sim$ 4, 000 K). We combined thousands of spectrally resolved lines observedduring one night with the HARPS-N spectrograph (R $\sim$ 115, 000), mounted atthe Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. We introduce a novel statistical approach toextract the planetary parameters from the binary mask cross-correlationanalysis. We also adapt the concept of contribution function to the context ofhigh spectral resolution observations, to identify the location in theplanetary atmosphere where the detected emission originates. The averageplanetary line profile intersected by a stellar G2 binary mask was found inemission with a contrast of 84 $\pm$ 14 ppm relative to the planetary plusstellar continuum (40 $\pm$ 5$\%$ relative to the planetary continuum only).This result unambiguously indicates the presence of an atmospheric thermalinversion. Finally, assuming a modelled temperature profile previouslypublished (Lothringer et al. 2018), we show that an iron abundance consistentwith a few times the stellar value explains the data well. In this scenario,the iron emission originates at the $10^{-3}$-$10^{-5}$ bar level.

Neutral Iron Emission Lines From The Day-side Of KELT-9b -- The GAPS Programme With HARPS-N At TNG XX