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While the Sun is generally more eruptive during its maximum and decliningphases, observational evidence shows certain cases of powerful solar eruptionsduring the quiet phase of the solar activity. Occurring in the weak Solar Cycle14 just after its minimum, the extreme space weather event in 1903 October --November was one of these cases. Here, we reconstruct the time series ofgeomagnetic activity based on contemporary observational records. With themid-latitude magnetograms, the 1903 magnetic storm is thought to be caused by afast coronal mass ejection (~1500 km/s) and is regarded as an intense eventwith an estimated minimum Dst' of ~-513 nT The reconstructed time series hasbeen compared with the equatorward extension of auroral oval (~44.1{\deg} ininvariant latitude) and the time series of telegraphic disturbances. This casestudy shows that potential threats posed by extreme space weather events existeven during weak solar cycles or near their minima.

The Extreme Space Weather Event in 1903 October/November: An Outburst from the Quiet Sun