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Nonthermal loop-top sources in solar flares are the most prominentobservational signature that suggests energy release and particle accelerationin the solar corona. Although several scenarios for particle acceleration havebeen proposed, the origin of the loop-top sources remains unclear. Here wepresent a model that combines a large-scale magnetohydrodynamic simulation of atwo-ribbon flare with a particle acceleration and transport model forinvestigating electron acceleration by a fast-mode termination shock at thelooptop. Our model provides spatially resolved electron distribution thatevolves in response to the dynamic flare geometry. We find a concave-downwardmagnetic structure located below the flare termination shock, induced by thefast reconnection downflows. It acts as a magnetic trap to confine theelectrons at the looptop for an extended period of time. The electrons areenergized significantly as they cross the shock front, and eventually build upa power-law energy spectrum extending to hundreds of keV. We suggest that thisparticle acceleration and transport scenario driven by a flare terminationshock is a viable interpretation for the observed nonthermal loop-top sources.

the astrophysical journal. letters

The Acceleration and Confinement of Energetic Electrons by a Termination  Shock in a Magnetic Trap: An Explanation for Nonthermal Loop-top Sources  during Solar Flares