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We investigate secular evolution in hierarchical quadruple systems as aformation channel of mass-gap black holes (with masses of about $3-5$$M_{\odot}$) in systems that will eventually lead to binary black hole mergersdetectable by ground-based gravitational wave detectors (LIGO/Virgo). We showthat in a 3+1 hierarchical system, two episodes of induced mergers would firstcause two neutron stars to merge and form a mass-gap black hole, which willsubsequently merge with another (more massive) black hole through a secondinduced merger. We demonstrate that such systems are stable to flybys, andtheir formation would predict a high mass ratio and eccentric merger of amass-gap black hole with a more massive black hole companion. Such a formationchannel may explain observed gravitational wave events such as therecently-discovered LIGO/Virgo events S190814bv and S190924h.

Formation and merging of Mass Gap Black Holes in Gravitational Wave Merger Events from Wide Hierarchical Quadruple Systems