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The response of the general circulation in a dry atmosphere to variousatmospheric shortwave absorptivities is investigated in a three-dimensionalgeneral circulation model with grey radiation. Shortwave absorption in theatmosphere reduces the incoming radiation reaching the surface but warms theupper atmosphere, significantly shifting the habitable zone toward the star.The strong stratification under high shortwave absorptivity suppresses theHadley cell in a manner that matches previous Hadley cell scalings. Generalcirculation changes may be observable through cloud coverage and superrotation.The equatorial superrotation in the upper atmosphere strengthens with theshortwave opacity, as predicted based on the gradient wind of theradiative-convective equilibrium profile. There is a sudden drop of equatorialsuperrotation at very low shortwave opacity. This is because the Hadley cell inthose cases are strong enough to fill the entire troposphere with zero momentumair from the surface. A diurnal cycle (westward motion of substellar pointrelative to the planet) leads to acceleration of the equatorial westerlies ingeneral, through the enhancement of the equatorward eddy momentum transport,but the response is not completely monotonic, perhaps due to the resonance oftropical waves and the diurnal forcing.

Collapse of the general circulation in shortwave-absorbing atmospheres: an idealized model study