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Jupiter-family comet 289P/Blanpain was first discovered in 1819 and was thenlost for $\sim200$ years, only to be rediscovered in 2003 as a small, weaklyactive comet. The comet is associated with the Phoenicids, an otherwise minormeteor shower that produced significant outbursts in 1956 and 2014. The showerpoints to the existence of significant mass-loss events of P/Blanpain in recenthistory. P/Blanpain was recovered during an apparent large outburst in 2013July at an appreciable heliocentric distance of 3.9 au, with brightnessincrease of 9 mag, making it one of the largest comet outbursts ever observed.Here we present an analysis of archival data taken by several telescopes. Wefind that the 2013 outburst has produced $\sim10^{8}$ kg of dust, whichaccounts for a modest fraction ($\sim1\%$) of the mass of P/Blanpain's nucleusas measured in 2004. Based on analysis of long-term lightcurve and modeling ofcoma morphology, we conclude that the 2013 outburst was most likely driven bythe crystallization of amorphous water ice triggered by a spin-up disruption ofthe nucleus. Dust dynamical model shows that a small fraction of the dustejecta will reach the Earth in 2036 and 2041, but are only expected to produceminor enhancements to the Phoenicid meteor shower. The 2013 outburst ofP/Blanpain, though remarkable for a comet at small sizes, does not necessaryimply a catastrophic disruption of the nucleus. The upcoming close encounter ofP/Blanpain in 2020 January will provide an opportunity to examine the currentstate of the comet.

Rising from Ashes or Dying Flash? Mega Outburst of Small Comet 289P/Blanpain in 2013